Some mismatched Byzantine things
Near the so-called Goth’s Column in Gülhane Park are some Byzantine remains, decorated by columns assembled from pieces found in the area (41.015114,28.985415). There are records of three possible structures in the region: The Orphanage of St Paul and the churches of St Demetrios and St Menas. The pieces in these photos are probably from the orphanage. The area is lovely in spring when it is an ocean of tulips in a part of the park that is relatively sparsely populated.
The three churches at the point of Saray Burnu, from a plan of Constantinople by Giovanni Vavassore of Venice, 1520.
The Archaeological Museum isn't committing itself but seems to indicate that this is likely to be a church from the Orphanage of St Paul.
Posted June 19, 2014 Posted by Adam in Uncategorized
Possible locations of departed churches
The Monastery of the Panaghia Hodegetria was built (probably in the early 5th Century) to hold an ikon of the Virgin and Child, said to have been painted by St. Luke the Evangelist. This was the symbol of Constantinople, an image thought to protect the city from all evil. It showed Mary standing and indicating the Christ Child as the way to salvation. This mosaic in the Chora is of this type. The name ‘Hodegetria’ means She who shows the way. The ikon appears to have been taken to The Church of St Saviour in Chora during the 1453 siege and subsequent conquest by the Ottoman forces. This is the last anyone saw of it. Inevitably, rumours of it resurfacing have been promulgated from time to time.
The Church of St. Mary Hodegetria was on the Pilgrims’ route in the latter part of the Byzantine Empire. Majeska (1984) cites reports of numerous Russian pilgrims and there were many others from various parts of Europe. However, they all leave descriptions of the ikon and not the church. The Spaniards Clavijo (who later had an audience with Timur) and, towards the end of the Empire, Pero Tafur described a ritual in which every Tuesday, the ikon would be paraded around the city by red-garbed monks. (van der Vin, 1980)
There’s not much of a chance of getting in here at the moment. Even the official archaeological projects don’t seem to be able to circumvent the difficulty of getting into a military zone. It is smack in the middle of where the soldiers won’t let you go when you try to walk downhill from Aya Ireni. Mamboury indicates that only the foundations of the ayazma remained in 1951. The crusaders of the 13th century were not kind to this church and the military are not renowned for their care of Christian ruins. There can’t be much there now. (41.009151,28.983371 – possibly)
Nicholas Artamonoff took some wonderful photographs of Istanbul in the 1930s and 1940s. This picture shows the large marble dodecagonal font over the ayazma at St Mary Hodegetria. Mamboury (1924) noted that the waters of the ayazma were supposed to restore sight and ascribed the name ‘Hodegetria’ to this attribute, rather than the presence of the ikon.
Font in The Manganes district, 1935.
This capital is in the grounds of the Kalyon Hotel, close to the site of the Church of St Mary Hodegetria.
Byzantine capital, Kennedy Caddesi
We may have access to the area at some time in the future as it appears that there are plans for the military zone to become a landscaped area more in keeping with the appearance of the rest of Saray Burnu.
Column capital from the vicinity of the Church of St Mary Hodegetria. Archaeology Museum.
Posted June 19, 2014 Posted by Adam in Uncategorized
This wall is still standing among almost impenetrable vegetation.
The halting of train services from Sirkeci for work on the Marmaray means that in 2014 nobody really cares if you wander about on the railway track and hack about in the jungle below the walls of Topkapı Sarayı. If you break through the sea walls near the statue of Turgut Reis and head across the tracks, there is an exciting-looking building for those of us who enjoy scrabbling about in subterranean muck.
As of March 2016, the possibility of ad hoc exploration of this site has been reduced severely. The military has installed a businesslike razor-wire fence with watchtowers and alert guards on the western side of the railway line. No more little expeditions to this part of Istanbul for a while.
Entrance in south wall
The vault is fairly intact and there is some above-ground brickwork. This may be the remains of the Church of St George of the Manganes (41.012171,28.986778).
Vault and makeshift housing
High vaultage
The Palace of the Manganes is a little further west (41.010022,28.987159) and provides extensive remains for tunnelling and feeling intrepid. There are a few rather nice pieces of Byzantine stonework but the original alignment and relative positions of them have been lost through earth movements over the centuries.
Vaults of the Palace of the Manganes
Sculpted bits of the Palace of the Manganes in situ underground
Column capitals from Mangana Church, Archaeological Museum of Istanbul.
Posted June 19, 2014 Posted by Adam in Uncategorized
Posted June 19, 2014 Posted by Adam in Uncategorized
Facade on sea walls
The substructure of the early 12th century church of this monastery is first visible as a high arch in the sea walls between the lighthouse and the point of Saray Burnu. The vaulting is massive and solid.
Vaults
This must have been a substantial building and a good-sized monastery. It is very easy to get into as of 2014 but once the railway line is working again, I imagine that access will be as difficult as it used to be. At the moment, it’s an interesting place to explore. (41.011333,28.987502)
This area bristled with monasteries in the late Byzantine period and, in the absence of consistent records, it is difficult to establish which remains belong to which buildings to which contemporary texts referred. Philanthropes was a major step on the relic trail followed by pilgrims in the fourteenth century. Ignatius of Smolensk, visiting in 1389, noted the proximity of the Monastery of St Saviour to the ‘healing sands’ outside the sea wall (Majeska (1984) p96).
Detail of facade
Facade detail immediately to the east of the previous picture.
Across the railway tracks are the remains of more Byzantine structures.
Three arches are visible in this view north from Philanthropes.
Interior of the vault beneath the central arch of the previous picture.
Records are confused, but given the relative positioning of pilgrimage sites mentioned by Deacon Zosima, visiting Constantinople in 1420, it may be a monastery of St Cyprian. It seems to be as good a guess as any until the area gets a decent archaeological going-over.
In 1895, Clara Erskine Clement wrote, “On each side of the track, remnants of past glory are scattered – blocks of marble, bits of porphyry, half-buried arches…” The portable glories have gone but much of the brickwork is still here.
Mavis de Zulueta advances the argument that St Saviour Philanthropes stood at the current site of Incirli Köşk, a little west of the structures featured here. This place may have been a monumental gate to the Mangana region, built by Constantine Monomachus in the period between 1042 and 1055. The vaults may still have supported a church.
North facade of Monastery of St Saviour Philanthropes.
More vaults
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